National Satellite Meteorological Center, Sina guest chat guest expert Xin-Jiang Zheng Record

Yesterday, eastern Northwest China, central and southern North China and Northeast China Plain strong sandstorm hit after another attack, the worst in recent years, Beijing has emerged a blowing sand, floating dust weather. Sina has invited National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration, Mr. Zheng Xinjiang expert guest guest chat rooms, and the majority of users chat sandstorms, full interview follows:

User: What is the situation of dust? What about when the end?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: The sandstorm is relatively rare in these first years, starting from 18, sand and dust storms in Northwest China Gansu, western Inner Mongolia, western Mongolia, etc., with the cold air moving south, winds through the Loop, North China, Northeast has been killed down south, affecting Beijing. In fact yesterday a number of observatories have been observed blowing sand, as well as individual stations observed a dust storm, for example, weather stations, Haidian, Huairou and other regions also have observed the emergence of dust storms. The dust is a relatively strong, and April 6, 2000 to compare, it should be said to be more severe this time, or some.

With the cold air continued south, the cold air this afternoon to the Sea of Japan has been the main force, so the weather followed the gale of dust, moving south, now the dust is mainly in the Korean Peninsula, the southern part of Northeast China as well, but there are blowing sand weather in Beijing at noon there, but the intensity will be smaller and smaller.

User: Yesterday Beijing and dust weather, the air has a pungent smell, you can feel very small dust particles, can explain?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: Beijing yesterday, sand and dust storms occur when there is cloud cover over, so far, and the local particle floating particles, not spread to the high altitude, low in the formation of a very thick air of dust, so we have Some such feeling.

User: How will the weather recently? Within the last few days, there is no dust in the weather?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: Central Meteorological Station issued twenty-four hours every day to forty eight hours of weather, every day we pay attention to weather forecasts every half past seven on it.

User: the annual dust storms are known as the most serious one, you can have no significant treatment effect?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: dust storms because of climate and human factors, if the short term to control it more obvious to get results, I think it can not be said. But with treatment, should be said that there are some effective, such as Beijing provides wind up a few levels, the site could not begin, or Gongde going, there must be a number of cover, etc., to alleviate the impact of dust, or played a role. But the dust is thousands of years, has been seen, so we need to see the very tangible results, this time the treatment is relatively short.

User: China now have specialized agencies, to study dust storms serious problem?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: On the issue of monitoring dust storms, forecasting problems, the China Meteorological Administration is responsible for, the CMA is now also a great investment, for example, is now engaged in a three-million sandstorm monitoring work. Environmental impact on the dust, EPA has done a lot of work in this area, and in dust storms governance, including all levels of government to the province from the State Council have been in Beijing and some other government and relevant departments of the State Council, as the State Forestry Administration in Management has done a great job.

User: Can not talk about the sandstorms forecast for China is to take what solutions?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: China's dust storms are forecast, from March 1 last year, as forecast initial trial began operations on March 1 this year, as the prediction is the business, from forecasting the effect of view, the severe dust storm forecasts, or to do more Well, nearly round the clock ahead of forecasts out to the masses to do a very good psychological preparation. Our prediction depends mainly on two aspects, one is the numerical prediction, enter some values through the computer model for dust storm forecasting. Second, conventional meteorological data, satellite data, radar data together, a comprehensive analysis by the forecasters the conclusion that forecasts of dust storms.

User: China's dust storms are forecast in the international level is what?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: China officially launched a special dust storm forecasting is still relatively late, and now we are active in this area or in the beginning, from last year, the National Weather Service forecasts of dust storms started. Long time ago, or more emphasis on this area of forecasting and warning, like the Northwest region, for decades, has been very effective for networking dust storms, dust storms occurred after the upstream and immediately notify the downstream, upstream and downstream forecasts made soon to inform the masses to enhance this protection, played a very good role. But compared with the international, there is a gap.

User: November 6 last year, Beijing was snow all impressed by the absence of timely forecasts, traffic caused great impact, can talk about the weather and sandstorms common forecast, what kind of difference does ?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: China Meteorological Administration forecast by the Central Meteorological Observatory, and the provinces are doing this work. Dust storm forecasting is very difficult, because we know the conditions of sand dust storms there are three, the first is the need for continued strong winds, is the driving force conditions. Second, there must be increased by exercise, dust storms usually occur in the afternoon this time, the surface temperature of hot air up high, can be brought to high altitude dust. Third, there must be very rich sources of sand, like the desert in Northwest China, and the man himself caused some of the sand. Now we mainly rely on to calculate the wind storm, which has some limitations, because not every time the wind will have a storm, there are other conditions, such as increased exercise, surface characteristics, and now there is no way entered into the computer in the comprehensive consideration, so the prediction of dust storms is still a very difficult task.

User: Why is the Beijing spring dust storm season more?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: This should be combined with the geographic location in Beijing, less rainfall in northern winter, if rainfall is less continuous, then a spring thaw, the ground there is a very fine dust. In addition, the climate at the turn of spring, often influence of cold air from Siberia to China, due to these conditions can cause a spring sandstorm-prone sections. If the land was frozen in winter, and then if there is snow, dust it is not easy, but the atmosphere is relatively stable in winter, with very high soil is also very difficult to push. But the spring with such conditions, so the spring dust storm-prone period.

User: floating dust weather in some places is, in some places, said the dust storm, how these two concepts different?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: The problem is some of the more propaganda ambiguity, and because the issue of professional also relatively strong, we are now collectively referred to as sand and dust weather. But the dust is defined on the weather from the weather, there are three, dust, blowing sand and dust storms of three. Dust is uniformly fine sand dust floating in the sky, the visibility is less than ten kilometers, and these dust dust from a distance through the atmosphere are spread over the top, so this case is not necessarily great, in a high altitude with very fine sand in the float, a phenomenon we call dust. But on the ground after the wind increased, blowing the dust of the ground up, so that considerable air pollution, the level of visibility is one kilometer to ten kilometers, in which case we call the blowing sand. Continue to increase the local surface wind, the dust of the ground are a lot of rolled up, so that the air is very muddy, while the level of visibility is less than one kilometer, we call dust. When visibility is less than 500 meters, called for strong storms.

User: Beijing yesterday, the weather should be called what?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: from monitoring stations in Beijing's view, appeared yesterday in most parts of Beijing is blowing, only the individual parts of the dust storms, for example, weather stations, Haidian, Huairou stations are monitored to a sandstorm, but the relatively short time .

User: Measuring dust or blowing sand, there are not very quantitative indicator?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: I have already said, the dust storm is defined as the wind rolled up the sand to the ground, the horizontal visibility is less than 1 km, we call dust. This is quantified on the visibility. When visibility is less than 500 meters, called the strong sandstorm. This is usually an indicator.

User: yesterday's air quality has reached the degree of harm to human health, this situation occurs, is not it issued a warning to residents, or for outdoor workers to take certain protective measures?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: this issue, the Central Meteorological Observatory has issued a dust storm warning straight, I think this question is worth considering.

User: I'm in meteorological work, remote sensing from the diagram shows at noon today, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, there are a lot of dust weather, so weather will also affect the Liaoning days?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: Yes, I came also from satellite images and weather maps can be seen, now and in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Liaoning, and even the Korean peninsula, has been to the Sea of Japan has a wide range of sand and dust storms there. But with the cold air gradually northward and eastward movement of contraction, I think the dust weather will gradually diminish.

User: the source of dust storms yesterday, where is this?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: more discussion of this issue, yesterday I also saw the news. Cold air moves from the point of view, from the northwest overnight. But the dust from the impact of the weather in Beijing, we conducted a preliminary analysis of data from the satellite, the main impact of dust storms in Beijing mainly from Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, northern Hebei. In addition, from the north-east of Shanxi, but also sand and dust into the Beijing area.

User: The source of dust storms, including Mongolia and some other countries, do you think our country with these countries in the governance of the co-operation of dust storms can do what?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: China with other countries now, in meteorology is also carried out some scientific and technological cooperation. For example, Mongolia, China Meteorological Administration and the Bureau of Meteorology in this area have been a number of cooperation agreements.

User: 2008 Beijing will host the Olympic Games, you expect that time, the governance of dust storms in China, how will progress? Will happen when it?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: This question is difficult to predict, but now dust storms in China are concerned about governance issues from top to bottom, I think 2008 will at least greatly reduce the dust storms.

User: The media reported that the dust storms of governance is always made much progress, but feel more and more severe sandstorms, feel little effect, aspects of governance, or other factors?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: I have spoken earlier, the generation of dust storms are both a climate problem, but also an artificial increase in question. Some of governance in a region of a dust storm that reduced, it may be a reason for a region because the climate to increase or reduce the dust storms, which are relatively complicated, but the treatment is better than no treatment.

User: For dust control, it can do what the people themselves contribute to it?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: First we have to care about this issue sandstorms, from top to bottom are concerned about this issue, and in other areas there will be some concrete measures to solve this problem, public opinion, the masses so to care, natural make the problem get attention, attention will be better resolved.

User: For the common people, the dust storm comes, we should take what kind of protection? Please some advice in life.

Xin-Jiang Zheng: We can weather, more attention to this problem, we should wear masks, cyclists to wear protective glasses and other people's attention, if allergic to dust storms, or disease of the gay cause, most recently, do not go out. But for the average person, it will not cause too much.

User: When did you start this research?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: I mainly responsible for the satellite data in weather-related research and the use of the work, I use the satellite data of dust storms, this is my main work, from the beginning of 90 years, I remember it was 90 years April 25, Beijing regions a strong dust weather, when we adopted some simple satellite data processing, were analyzed and found that there is a role meteorological satellite monitoring of dust, from the time we started research in this area . To 93 years, May 5, there was a dark and stormy Northwest weather, have had a great influence, then alerted the state, government leaders, but also attracted national attention, with the support of the State Planning Commission, We established the items were compared to the dust storm system. I mainly use satellite data to study dust storms.

98 years time, in defense of the Commission's support, we in this respect in-depth research, come up with some way to use satellite monitoring dust storms, these areas in 2000, 2001 and monitoring of dust storms this year , have played a good role.

User: Please tell us about your organization - the National Meteorological Center?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: the full name of our unit National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration, there are several tasks, such as meteorological development plans are worked out in this unit. Second, we must be responsible for receiving and processing satellite data, in order to obtain information on the global and national satellite coverage of the data, in Beijing, Guangzhou, Urumqi meteorological satellite ground receiving stations set up three, then the data to the Satellite Meteorological Center the processing center, processing available to the country after use. The third function is to carry out satellite weather, environment, climate and other applications, recent years have been doing the work of meteorological centers, for example, engage in the monitoring of dust storms, fog, monitoring, beach monitoring, the National Snow monitoring, vegetation monitoring, flood monitoring, and forest fires, monitoring of grassland, forming a series of business products, available to all users free to use. There is also a duty, is responsible for the application of the national meteorological satellite data, technical training, and its products can be free for all users.

Image processing such as dust storms can be provided to everyone to use, the use of snow cover in winter can provide, the other growing conditions such as vegetation can provide, while monitoring the forest fires or grass fires, the location of fire points, use of monitoring data can provide. There in the summer, after the flood occurred in lakes rivers and lakes, flooding can also provide monitoring information for everyone to use. We hope that in future this information can spread quickly through Sina out.

User: Just now you are introduced, referred to the black wind weather, please tell us about how this is going.

Xin-Jiang Zheng: Black Wind in the northwest, a sandstorm phenomenon often referred to, in fact, is the most powerful sandstorm. General meteorological Northwest is so considered, when the instantaneous wind greater than 25 meters per second, the visibility is less than 50 meters, which is the wind ten or more devastating, called Black Wind storms. Black Wind is strongest in a sandstorm.

User: In recent years, Beijing has not happen?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: No, more generally some of the Northwest region.

User: atmospheric dust, agriculture accounts for what proportion of dust?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: We and the former minister of agriculture, forest land talked about this issue, there is indeed the agricultural pollution, when he was with a number of research groups studying this issue in the rural areas, hoping to solve the problem of agricultural dust.

User: Beijing brought the dust itself, including the impact of construction sites and how much?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: I have not done research in this area, an urban environment and urban pollution and other aspects of the work of the comrades, may do a more in-depth study, I was mainly engaged in satellite data to monitor dust storms. Data from the satellite view or dust outside the main part of the total compared. However, in 2000, we also monitored their own in Beijing have been to the dust, Hebei and other areas affected, but also see this phenomenon.

User: Now for the accurate prediction of dust storms, sandstorms to reduce the harm, how much use?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: I think very useful, above all, a great impact on the residents of the trip, the other for the aviation and transportation have a significant impact, such as Northwest China, strong dust storm, black wind forecasts out to several hours in advance, for people's lives and property losses, will be significantly reduced.

User: sandy areas around Beijing, more serious, previously reported that the desert only a few dozen kilometers away from Beijing was. Do you think Beijing and dust weather, and the phenomenon of desertification around Beijing have nothing to do with it?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: relationship is definitely yes, but the question I did not do in-depth research, hard to say, the State Forestry Administration has done a lot of work in this area.

User: It is reported that the United States has since the sixties Farm transition, resulting in a sandstorm weather. For they have not learned the management experience?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: they really see the effectiveness of treatment, the effect is still very obvious, but I have not seen this information.

User: In this country there is no specific treatment measures?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: Forest Law published in China where there is a specific governance measures. Shapotou Ningxia example, the governance in the dust, or has made great achievements, this is my job to see in the report.

User: In the forecast, there is no international advanced experience, for we learn?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: As the climate changes, the international community for the dust storm forecasting, monitoring is also very concerned about. As in previous years was held in Damascus is also the world's first dust storm monitoring meeting, South Korea, which was held two days of dust storms are also monitoring the meeting. Now these work or more, the international monitoring and forecasting of dust storms are a lot of work, I will not say in detail here.

User: sandstorm yesterday, are there any other areas of China continue to impact?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: With the cold air out, the weather will gradually clear up, the impact of dust storms will decrease slowly, the dust storms of the process will end.

User: The dust impact was relatively large, including the South have also been some impact. Can you talk about the impact of the range?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: From the 18th to the beginning of China's northwestern regions, including Gansu, Inner Mongolia and other regions, 19, 20, has been the development from northwest to southeast, affecting to the northwest, north, northeast, and today has affected the southern part of northeast China, like Liaoning, Jilin and other areas, have emerged raising sand, local dust storms and other weather, dust storms also appeared in another North Korea, which is rare in recent years, so the area north of the Yellow River have been affected, and some dust continues to spread southward .

Moderator: On the storm, you have not introduced to the majority of users?

Xin-Jiang Zheng: dust storm forecasting, to the ground from the various provinces and cities, are a matter of concern to us, we have done in this respect a great deal of effort. The storm, I personally think that forecast is still quite good, of course, continue to need a lot of effort, because the weather is becoming more and more non-refined, and the large number of meteorologists, will continue to work in this area, and strive to Some do a better job of weather forecasting.

Moderator: Today's chat time is up, thank you Mr. Zheng Xinjiang Sina guests to chat rooms, and thanks to the active participation of netizens